BACKGROUNDTraditional diabetes self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) involves inconvenient finger pricks. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) systems offer CGM, enhancing type 2 diabetes (T2D) management with convenient, comprehensive data.PURPOSETo assess the benefits and potential harms of CGM and isCGM compared with usual care or SMBG in individuals with T2D.DATA SOURCESWe conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and bibliographies up to August 2023.STUDY SELECTIONWe analyzed studies meeting these criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCT) with comparison of at least two interventions for ≥8 weeks in T2D patients, including CGM in real-time/retrospective mode, short-/long-term CGM, isCGM, and SMBG, reporting glycemic and relevant data.DATA EXTRACTIONWe used a standardized data collection form, extracting details including author, year, study design, baseline characteristics, intervention, and outcomes.DATA SYNTHESISWe included 26 RCTs (17 CGM and 9 isCGM) involving 2,783 patients with T2D (CGM 632 vs. usual care/SMBG 514 and isCGM 871 vs. usual care/SMBG 766). CGM reduced HbA1c (mean difference −0.19% [95% CI −0.34, −0.04]) and glycemic medication effect score (−0.67 [−1.20 to −0.13]), reduced user satisfaction (−0.54 [−0.98, −0.11]), and increased the risk of adverse events (relative risk [RR] 1.22 [95% CI 1.01, 1.47]). isCGM reduced HbA1c by −0.31% (−0.46, −0.17), increased user satisfaction (0.44 [0.29, 0.59]), improved CGM metrics, and increased the risk of adverse events (RR 1.30 [0.05, 1.62]). Neither CGM nor isCGM had a significant impact on body composition, blood pressure, or lipid levels.LIMITATIONSLimitations include small samples, single-study outcomes, population variations, and uncertainty for younger adults. Additionally, inclusion of
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